What Does Cultural Competence Actually Mean?

AUTHOR’S NOTE:
We only represent one perspective, and we’re always trying to expand our understanding of different cultures and backgrounds. We recognize that “cultural competence” is a sensitive topic. Our goal is to approach it in a way that’s helpful for aspiring pre-meds.

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Beyond your own personal growth, there’s a practical reason to care: cultural competence is one of the AAMC’s 15 Core Competencies used by medical schools to evaluate applicants. Here’s how they define it:

“Demonstrates knowledge of socio-cultural factors that affect interactions and behaviors; shows an appreciation and respect for multiple dimensions of diversity; recognizes and acts on the obligation to inform one’s own judgment; engages diverse and competing perspectives…; recognizes and appropriately addresses bias in themselves and others; interacts effectively with people from diverse backgrounds.”

Sounds nice—but what does that actually look like? Let’s break it down:

1. Understand the Preferences, Beliefs, and Traditions of Different Cultures

Cultural competence means recognizing how culture shapes a person’s health beliefs and behaviors. For example:

• Some cultures may prioritize holistic or spiritual healing.
  
  
• Others may rely on family-based decision-making.
  
  
• Some may mistrust the medical system due to historical trauma.
  
  

You don’t need to be an expert in every culture—but you do need to demonstrate curiosity, humility, and a willingness to learn. It’s not just about “serving” a community—it’s about understanding it.

2. But Don’t Stereotype or Assume

Knowing cultural patterns can help—but applying them blindly can do more harm than good.

Say you’ve read that a certain culture avoids eye contact. That’s useful context—but assuming a patient is uncomfortable because of their ethnicity (instead of, say, anxiety or pain) can reinforce bias.

Cultural competence is a balancing act: be aware of patterns, but don’t reduce individuals to them. Ask questions. Listen. Adjust.

3. Be Mindful of Your Language

This includes more than avoiding jargon:

• Use interpreters when needed—don’t rely on family.
  
  
• Be inclusive with names, pronouns, and gender identity.
  
  
• Watch for language that reinforces stigma.
  
  

And when you make a mistake? Own it. Apologize. Learn. Cultural competence isn’t about perfection—it’s about growth.

No one is fluent in every culture. That’s why it’s called “competence,” not “mastery.” Your goal isn’t to be perfect—it’s to stay open, keep learning, and show respect in every interaction.

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